{"id":14927,"date":"2025-03-13T15:47:50","date_gmt":"2025-03-13T15:47:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.luisvallstaberner.com\/?p=14927"},"modified":"2025-03-13T16:05:56","modified_gmt":"2025-03-13T16:05:56","slug":"alejandro-rojas-marcos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.luisvallstaberner.com\/en\/alejandro-rojas-marcos\/","title":{"rendered":"Alejandro Rojas-Marcos"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=&#8221;full_width_background&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; bg_image=&#8221;14933&#8243; bg_position=&#8221;left top&#8221; background_image_loading=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_repeat=&#8221;no-repeat&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; top_padding=&#8221;4%&#8221; bottom_padding=&#8221;4%&#8221; text_color=&#8221;light&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; 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column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; enable_animation=&#8221;true&#8221; animation=&#8221;fade-in&#8221; animation_easing=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; offset=&#8221;vc_col-lg-6 vc_col-md-6 vc_col-xs-12&#8243;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1720395707067{padding-bottom: 20px !important;}&#8221; text_direction=&#8221;default&#8221;]<span style=\"color: #968523;\">IN-DEPTH<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][split_line_heading animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; text_direction=&#8221;default&#8221;]\n<h1>Alejandro Rojas-Marcos<\/h1>\n[\/split_line_heading][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1720689040991{padding-bottom: 20px !important;}&#8221; text_direction=&#8221;default&#8221;]Founder of the Andalusian Party[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; offset=&#8221;vc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs&#8221;][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;&#8221; google_fonts=&#8221;font_family:Roboto%3A100%2C100italic%2C300%2C300italic%2Cregular%2Citalic%2C500%2C500italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C900%2C900italic|font_style:100%20light%20regular%3A100%3Anormal&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;in_container&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_position=&#8221;default&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1725956035373{padding-top: 20px !important;}&#8221; text_direction=&#8221;default&#8221;]\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em><strong>Written by \u00cd\u00f1igo de Barr\u00f3n Arniches,<\/strong> a journalist who has worked for media outlets such as El Pa\u00eds, where he was the Financial Correspondent between 2000 and 2022, Europa Press, and Expansi\u00f3n. He has also collaborated with various television and radio channels, including RTVE, La Sexta, Cuatro, COPE, Cadena SER, and <\/em><em>Onda Madrid. A <\/em><em>uthor of the book &#8220;El hundimiento de la banca&#8221; (The Collapse of Banking), among others, he has received several awards throughout his career, including the Schroders Award for Best Article of the Year and the ING Journalism Award.<\/em><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;in_container&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; top_padding=&#8221;50&#8243; left_padding_desktop=&#8221;0&#8243; right_padding_desktop=&#8221;50&#8243; left_padding_tablet=&#8221;30&#8243; right_padding_tablet=&#8221;30&#8243; left_padding_phone=&#8221;10&#8243; right_padding_phone=&#8221;10&#8243; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; gradient_type=&#8221;default&#8221; shape_type=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_position=&#8221;default&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][split_line_heading animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; text_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; el_class=&#8221;entradilla-testimonio&#8221;]\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #57502a;\">&#8220;Luis Valls tried not to show the great power he had.&#8221;<\/span><\/h2>\n[\/split_line_heading][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;in_container&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_position=&#8221;default&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221; text_direction=&#8221;default&#8221;]\n<p class=\"p1\">In the biographies of Alejandro Rojas-Marcos (Seville, 84 years old), there is no mention of his relationship with Luis Valls, nor is there any indication of why they might have had such a connection. But the fact is that they did, and it was profound, judging by the words of the Andalusian politician, founder of the Andalusian Party, and mayor of Seville during the 1992 Expo. Rojas-Marcos speaks enthusiastically and precisely about his meetings and conversations with the former president of Banco Popular, even though several decades have passed since those encounters.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><b>Question. <\/b>At first glance, it is unclear how a law student from Seville ended up having a relationship with a banker like Luis Valls. How did you meet?<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><b>Answer. <\/b>I had friends from Opus Dei at my Jesuit school and the University of Seville, where I studied law. Not for any special reason\u2014I was not close to the organization and never had a relationship with Opus Dei as an institution\u2014but I did maintain good friendships. After finishing my law degree, I received a scholarship for a course at the University of La R\u00e1bida, where I met some professors who were members of Opus Dei, such as Vicente Rodr\u00edguez Casado, Florentino P\u00e9rez and Patricio Pe\u00f1alver. Later, I moved to Madrid to pursue a master&#8217;s degree and further studies in politics and international law. I started writing columns for Diario Madrid, and its president, Rafael Calvo Serer, helped me secure accommodation at the Higher Council for Scientific Research (CSIC) residence. It was an incredible experience because I met Severo Ochoa and other important scientists.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><b>Q.<\/b> And how did you come into contact with Banco Popular?<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><b>A.<\/b>One day, out of the blue, I received a call from Raimundo Castro, a psychologist and head of human resources at Banco Popular, who later became the bank&#8217;s secretary general. He said he wanted to interview me because he believed I was seeking a job. I clarified that I wasn&#8217;t, but I accepted out of curiosity\u2014I have always been intrigued by such things\u2014on the condition that he would give me a copy of the interview.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><b>Q<\/b>. What year are we talking about?<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><b>A<\/b>. I believe it was 1964. After the interview, they offered me a position at the Economic Research Society, a subsidiary of Banco Popular led by Arist\u00f3bulo de Juan, with whom I still maintain a great friendship. I declined the offer because I wanted to dedicate myself to politics. Shortly after, Luis Valls called me and offered me a consulting role at the bank for specific assignments. From the start, he was curious about my political vocation and collaboration with Diario Madrid. I remember that the first task he assigned me was an in-depth study of how the cooperatives of the Mondrag\u00f3n Group were organized. So, at 23 years old, I set off with my Seat 600, not knowing anyone. This assignment is significant because it reflects Valls&#8217; interest in new ideas and his awareness of emerging movements. He was intrigued by business reforms, such as the 1:3 wage ratio between the lowest and highest earners.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><b>Q<\/b>. Why would someone in Banco Popular&#8217;s leadership be interested in that?<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><b>A.<\/b> He never told me why, but I realized he was interested in everything over time. He found it innovative. He was curious about both the old and the new\u2014about the &#8220;how&#8221; and the &#8220;why&#8221;\u2014but not as a hobby, not as someone who was merely inquisitive. In other words, his curiosity was not necessarily for profit, or not solely for profit, but for learning.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><b>Q<\/b>. Did he apply that knowledge to the bank?<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><b>A<\/b>. Not necessarily. But that, in some way, he did because the bank was his main focus. I have known many other bank presidents, such as Mario Conde, Pablo Garnica, and Jos\u00e9 \u00c1ngel S\u00e1nchez Asia\u00edn. I wouldn&#8217;t say that Luis Valls was better or worse, but he was absolutely different. He had an incredible worldview, a deep curiosity, and a strong adherence to principles and values.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><b>Q<\/b>. Given Valls&#8217; management style, do you think he liked being in charge?<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><b>A<\/b>. We talked about this once, and he said no\u2014that he liked influencing rather than commanding. But he commanded as much as he could, and when he couldn&#8217;t, he influenced. He tried to conceal the great power he had. Yes, that was obvious. And I say this positively\u2014he was the opposite of a dictator. He respected other people&#8217;s opinions, but his influence radiated widely. He exerted it through official leadership, through his moral authority, or even through third parties whom he influenced. To exert influence, one must have auctoritas\u2014moral authority, something beyond legal authority, which is rare. He was aware of his strong moral authority and influenced as much as possible. He was calm, but if he had to get angry, he did, and if he had to raise his voice with energy, he did.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><b>Q<\/b>. Did he prefer to stay behind the scenes rather than in the spotlight?<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><b>A<\/b>. Absolutely. It was fascinating to see how he maneuvered within the society of that time. He didn&#8217;t want to be in photos or on magazine covers\u2014that wasn&#8217;t his style. Nor did he favor direct confrontation; he was cautious about these things. He sought cover in certain situations. For example, when he and his team took control of Banco Popular, he published a book about his father&#8217;s biography. It was somewhat artificial, but I interpreted it as a message to clarify that they were a family of Catalan financiers, not outsiders, who had suddenly landed at Banco Popular.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">In general, he disliked displaying formal power. He sought real power\u2014the kind that is not seen. That&#8217;s why he created the co-presidency for Javier Valls. It was a perfect division of power. They were like oil and water\u2014they had nothing in common. Luis was all substance, while Javier was all surface; at least, that&#8217;s how it appeared. I think Javier was a noble person, although he made some serious missteps.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><b>Q<\/b>. Did he demand unconditional loyalty from those around him?<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><b>A<\/b>. I think so. Luis was very demanding and expected absolute loyalty, especially from those in his organization. He allowed me to disagree with him on some matters as a friend. That didn&#8217;t diminish the exceptional respect he had for me. However, with those around him, he demanded unwavering loyalty. We all have a hidden side, and Luis was no exception. He did so head-on when he had to confront someone, like with Ruiz-Mateos, although they eventually reconciled personally.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><b>Q<\/b>. Did he strike you as a particularly cultured person?<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><b>A<\/b>. Being cultured is often associated with being an erudite\u2014someone who has read and studied extensively. He was undoubtedly cultured but not an erudite. He read a lot and was interested in everything but with purpose. We talked about many things, but never about religion. We discussed morality, justice, right and wrong, reality and illusion\u2014in other words, values and principles. We had many discussions, which were invaluable to me, especially in my younger years.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><b>Q<\/b>. Did his vocation and vision as a banker come up in your conversations?<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><b>A<\/b>. Not at all. He never discussed Banco Popular&#8217;s strategic matters, figures, or challenges with me. Nor did he ever talk about Opus Dei\u2014never.<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;full_width_background&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; content_placement=&#8221;top&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; top_padding=&#8221;0%&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; gradient_type=&#8221;default&#8221; shape_type=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column top_padding_desktop=&#8221;10&#8243; bottom_padding_desktop=&#8221;10&#8243; left_padding_desktop=&#8221;0&#8243; right_padding_desktop=&#8221;0&#8243; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_position=&#8221;default&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; column_padding_type=&#8221;advanced&#8221; gradient_type=&#8221;default&#8221;][vc_gallery css=&#8221;&#8221; type=&#8221;flickity_static_height_style&#8221; images=&#8221;14948&#8243; flickity_spacing=&#8221;5px&#8221; flickity_controls=&#8221;none&#8221; flickity_overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; flickity_wrap_around=&#8221;no-wrap&#8221; flickity_box_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; image_loading=&#8221;default&#8221; display_title_caption=&#8221;true&#8221; onclick=&#8221;link_image&#8221; flickity_img_height=&#8221;600&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;in_container&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_position=&#8221;default&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221; text_direction=&#8221;default&#8221;]\n<p class=\"p1\"><b>Q<\/b>. After Franco&#8217;s death, Valls supported the King&#8217;s rise to the head of state, didn&#8217;t he?<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><b>A<\/b>. Without a doubt. He had political influence through the so-called technocratic ministers, who were members of Opus Dei, and he pushed in favor of the King. He was even offered a ministerial position in place of Mariano Navarro Rubio, who served as Minister of Finance from 1957 to 1965 and was a driving force behind the National Stabilization Plan. But the idea of accepting it never even crossed his mind. That shows his intelligence. He would have made a mistake.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><b>Q<\/b>. Valls also had a good relationship with Don Juan de Borb\u00f3n. Was this also a connection between the two of you?<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><b>A<\/b>. on one occasion, he called me and said he knew I had a good relationship with the Count of Barcelona. This was in the late 1960s and early 1970s. I told him yes because it was true, but it was also true that I refused to be a member of the Count of Barcelona&#8217;s Private Council. I believed that the logical outcome of the dictatorship would be a monarchy, but I didn&#8217;t see myself in that council. The monarchists were furious about my decision. For whatever reason, Valls must have found out about that relationship, and we talked about it.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><b>Q<\/b>. How did Valls experience the regime change?<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><b>A<\/b>. At that time, I was increasingly involved in politics. First, we addressed student issues, then organized the Political Commitment for Andalusia, and later, we founded the Andalusian Socialist Party, which was later renamed the Andalusian Party. In the 1979 elections, I entered the Congress of Deputies\u2026 but even so, we maintained our relationship because it was one of friendship, and from time to time, he invited me to lunch at the bank&#8217;s headquarters. He told me about his project to set up an office to provide loans to political parties in the first elections, including the Communist Party\u2014an idea that did not have the support of other bankers. But he created the office, and he made me client number one. I suppose that office now belongs to Santander. At that time, I spoke with Adolfo Su\u00e1rez and Santiago Carrillo to tell them that Popular would grant them loans\u2014they couldn&#8217;t believe it! My party also received a loan.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><b>Q<\/b>. Once you entered Congress, did you maintain your relationship with the president of Banco Popular?<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><b>A<\/b>. Yes, we would meet to chat and exchange impressions about what was happening in politics\u2014the most relevant deputies and the key issues being discussed, which were often not the newspaper headlines but what was beneath the surface. Also, due to family ties, I became connected to Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n Rodr\u00edguez, a director at Banco Popular from 1987 to 2015. According to Luis Valls, he was one of the brightest minds he had ever known, and I maintained a strong and long-lasting relationship with him.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><b>Q<\/b>. A book has just been published, <i>Opus<\/i>, by journalist Gareth Gore, in which he describes Luis Valls as Opus Dei&#8217;s banker\u2014the one who provided all the significant financial resources to Josemar\u00eda Escriv\u00e1 de Balaguer for the national and international development of the organization. It is said that he used Banco Popular as the economic engine of the religious institution through certain foundations, which Opus Dei denied. Based on what you knew of Luis Valls, does that role fit with him?<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><b>A<\/b>. I can&#8217;t say anything because we never discussed those things, and I haven&#8217;t read the book. I have some distant references, but I don&#8217;t know.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><b>Q<\/b>. Do you think that appointing CEOs who were not members of Opus Dei was a way to prevent Popular from being seen as a bank belonging to the organization? In other words, was it a way to protect it from potential attacks?<\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><b>A<\/b>. It&#8217;s possible because he sometimes feared attacks against the bank, but I can&#8217;t say for sure. Banco Popular had the structure he wanted, given his way of being.<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;full_width_content&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; content_placement=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;column_reverse&#8221; bg_color=&#8221;#968523&#8243; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; gradient_type=&#8221;default&#8221; shape_type=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;padding-2-percent&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; top_margin=&#8221;10&#8243; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;0px&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#968523&#8243; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_position=&#8221;default&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; column_padding_type=&#8221;default&#8221; gradient_type=&#8221;default&#8221;][split_line_heading animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; text_direction=&#8221;default&#8221;]\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Related Interviews<\/span><\/h4>\n[\/split_line_heading][divider line_type=&#8221;Small Line&#8221; line_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; line_thickness=&#8221;1&#8243; divider_color=&#8221;extra-color-1&#8243; custom_line_width=&#8221;200&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row type=&#8221;full_width_background&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; bg_image=&#8221;14933&#8243; bg_position=&#8221;left top&#8221; background_image_loading=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_repeat=&#8221;no-repeat&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; top_padding=&#8221;4%&#8221; bottom_padding=&#8221;4%&#8221; text_color=&#8221;light&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; enable_gradient=&#8221;true&#8221; color_overlay=&#8221;#0a0a0a&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.5&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; parallax_bg=&#8221;true&#8221; parallax_bg_speed=&#8221;fast&#8221; gradient_type=&#8221;default&#8221;&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14932,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[67],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-14927","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-in-depth"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - 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